I have included the four important forms of each verb so that you can analyze the logic of how to conjugate the verbs in persons and how to talk about the past. This one is about the verb type one. I also have posts about verb type 2, verb type 3, verb type 4 and verb type 5. (And I need to edit all of them soon.)
to live: asua, asun, asuin, asunut
to say: sanoa, sanon, sanoin, sanonut
to pay/cost: maksaa, maksan, maksoin, maksanut
to ask: kysyä, kysyn, kysyin, kysynyt
Things to remember:
to say: sanoa, sanon, sanoin, sanonut
- Mitä sinä sanoit? - What did you say?
to pay/cost: maksaa, maksan, maksoin, maksanut
to ask: kysyä, kysyn, kysyin, kysynyt
- En minä kysynyt mitään. - I didn't ask anything.
Things to remember:
- The basic form has always two vowels in the end.
- Drop the last vowel of the basic form before adding the personal ending.
- The past tense has either i, oi or si before the personal ending. or the present participle ending.
The SI-past
So why does the past tense of ymmärtää have si just like the verb type 4 verbs? If you have Leila White's Grammar book of Finnish, the rules are on page 190. The stem has a t and two vowels or n, r, or l in front of it. However, there are also exceptions such as antaa and hoitaa. Here's my top 10 of the verbs to memorize by heart:
- to shout, to yell: huutaa, huudan, huusin, huutanut
- to fly: lentää, lennän, lensin, lentänyt
- to draw: piirtää, piirrän, piirsin, piirtänyt
- to find: löytää, löydän, löysin, löytänyt
- to know, to feel: tuntea, tunnen, tunsin, tuntenut
- to know: tietää, tiedän, tiesin, tiennyt
- to build: rakentaa, rakennan, rakensin, rakentanut
- to push: työntää, työnnän, työnsin, työntänyt
- to move: siirtää, siirrän, siirsin, siirtänyt
- to ask for: pyytää, pyydän, pyysin, pyytänyt
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